和田玉,“中国四大名玉”之一(其三为陕西蓝田玉、辽宁岫玉和河南独山玉)。传统狭义范畴特指新疆和田地区出产的玉石,以和田“子料”为代表闻名于世;广义的和田玉指软玉(真玉)。和田玉虽然因新疆和田而命名,但其本身不是地域概念,并非特指新疆和田地区出产的玉,而是一类产品的名称。中国把透闪石成分占98%以上的石头都命名为和田玉,都在国标范围内。

秦始皇统一中国的时候,和田玉因产于昆仑山被称为“昆山之玉”,以后又因位于“于阗国”境内而被称为“于阗玉”。直到清光绪九年(1883年)设立和田直隶州时,才被正式命名为“和田玉”。

Hetian jade, one of the “Four Famous Jade in China” (the third is Shaanxi Lantian jade, Liaoning Xiuyu and Henan Dushan jade). The traditional narrow sense specifically refers to the jade produced in the Hotan region of Xinjiang, and is famous for its representative of the "child material" of Hotan; the broad sense of Hotan jade refers to nephrite (true jade). Although Hotan Jade is named after Hotan in Xinjiang, it is not a geographical concept in itself, not specifically referring to jade produced in Hotan in Xinjiang, but the name of a class of products. China names the stones with tremolite composition above 98% as Hetian jade, which are all within the scope of the national standard.

When Emperor Qin Shihuang unified China, Hetian jade was known as "Kunshan jade" because it was produced in Kunlun Mountain, and was later called "Yutian jade" because it was located in the "Yutian Kingdom". It was not until the establishment of Hetian Zhili Prefecture in the 9th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1883) that it was officially named "Hetian jade".

玉工善于借鉴绘画、雕刻、工艺美术的成就,集阴线、阳线、镂空、俏色等多种传统做工及历代的艺术风格之大成。并吸收了外来艺术影响,加以糅合变通,创造并发展了工艺性、装饰性极强的治玉工艺,有着鲜明的时代特点和较高的艺术造诣。

The Qing Dynasty jade workers were good at drawing on the achievements of painting, carving, and arts and crafts, and collected a variety of traditional workmanship such as Yinxian, Yangxian, hollowing, and pretty colors, and the achievements of the artistic styles of the past dynasties. It has absorbed the influence of foreign arts, blended and modified it, and created and developed a jade-making process with strong craftsmanship and decoration. It has distinctive characteristics of the times and high artistic accomplishments.

古医书称"玉乃石之美者,味甘性平无毒",并称玉是人体蓄养元气最充沛的物质。玉石不仅作为首饰、摆饰、装饰之用,还用于养生健体。自古各朝各代帝王嫔妃养生不离玉,而宋徽宗嗜玉成癖,杨贵妃含玉镇暑,玉为枕而脑聪,古代皇帝就喜欢用玉做枕头,向中国古代长寿的皇帝都久用玉枕。

古老的医学经典《黄帝内经》、《唐本草》、《神农本草》、《本草纲目》均称和田玉可"滋阴气、壮肾阳、除中热、解烦懑、润心肺、助声喉、滋毛发、养五脏、安魂魄、疏血脉、明耳目"。

玉石不但能美化人们的生活,陶冶性情,而且祛病保健。其产品直接用于健身保健的有:玉枕、玉垫、健身球、按摩器、手杖、玉梳,对人体具有养颜、镇静、安神之疗效。

The ancient medical book called "Jade is the beauty of stone, sweet and non-toxic", and said that jade is the most abundant substance for the human body to cultivate vitality. Jade is not only used for jewelry, ornaments, and decoration, but also for keeping healthy. Since ancient times, the emperors and concubines of all generations have maintained their health without jade, and Song Huizong is addicted to jade, Yang Guifei has jade town heat, and jade is a pillow for brains. Ancient emperors like to use jade as a pillow. Use jade pillows.

The ancient medical classics "Huangdi Neijing", "Tang Materia Medica", "Shen Nong Materia Medica" and "Compendium of Materia Medica" all call Hetian Yuke "nourishing yin, strengthening the kidney and yang, removing heat, relieving troubles, moisturizing the heart and lungs, and helping the sound Throat, nourishing hair, nourishing the five internal organs, rejuvenating the soul, relieving blood vessels, clear ears and eyes".

Jade can not only beautify people's lives, cultivate temperament, but also cure diseases. Its products are directly used in fitness and health care: jade pillows, jade cushions, fitness balls, massagers, walking sticks, jade combs, which have the effects of nourishing, calming and calming the human body.

和田玉另一特点是有璞玉,古人对璞玉非常重视,明代科学家宋应星说:"凡璞藏玉,其外皮曰玉皮,取之为砚托之类,价值无几,璞中之玉,有纵横尺余无瑕玷者,古帝王取以为玺,所谓连城之璧,也不易得,其纵横五六寸无瑕玷者,治以杯,此已当之重宝也,"和田玉璞玉的外皮,按特点可分为色皮、糖皮、石皮三类,色皮是玉的外皮有一层黄褐色或褐色很薄的皮(厚约1毫米),为氧化所致,从皮色可看出玉的质量,如秋梨子、虎皮子、鹿皮子等,常为上等白玉,糖玉的外皮较厚,如红糖色,且末玉矿常有此类玉。

Another characteristic of Hetian jade is the uncut jade, The ancients attached great importance to the uncut jade, Song Yingxing, a Ming Dynasty scientist, said, " All natural and hidden jade, Its outer skin is called the jade skin, Take it for the inkstone support and so on, Of little value, The Jade in Natural Nature, With with with than flawless flawless, The ancient emperors took it as a seal, The so-called piece of Liancheng, It is not easy to get, either, Its five or six inches immaculate, The Cup, This is a important treasure, "The skin of Hetian jade, According to the characteristics can be divided into color skin, sugar skin, stone skin three categories, The color skin is a jade skin with a tan or brown very thin skin (about 1 mm thick), Due to the oxidation, The quality of the jade can be seen from the leather color, Such as autumn pear, tiger skin, deer skin, and so on, Often for the fine white jade, Sugar jade has a thicker skin, Such as the red sugar color, And the last jade mine often has such jade.

此和田玉壁工艺精美绝伦,制作技法精湛,综合运用浮雕、浅浮雕、双勾刻绘等多种技法,布局有致,结构考究,层次分明。刻绘手法娴熟自如,纹饰线条流畅自然,图案灵动,立体感强,极富装饰效果,彰显了制玉匠人卓越脱俗、深功博古的超凡功力。选材精良,玉色浓烈并带有大幅铁锈红花纹,玉质细腻,包浆莹润,良材美质,佳器天成,加以精妙雕工,玉器之雍容华美尽显于此,具有极高的收藏投资价值和文化研究价值。

This Hetian jade wall is exquisite technology, exquisite production techniques, comprehensive use of relief, bas-relief, double carving and other techniques, the layout, exquisite structure, distinct layers. The carving technique is skilled and free, smooth and natural decorative lines, clever pattern, strong three-dimensional sense, very rich decorative effect, highlighting the jade maker excellent refined, profound work of the extraordinary skills. The material selection is excellent, strong jade color and with a large rust red pattern, delicate jade quality, smooth pulp, good material, beautiful nature, exquisite carving, jade elegant all shown in this, has a very high collection and investment value and cultural research value.